Vanessa, sigma make quiet good lens to fit many of the popular makes at a very decent price.
Your other question ……….. well simply put your camera is a lightproof box with a strip of film to record the image (or nowadays a sensor), a lens to allow a certain amount of light into the camera and to focus the image on to the film and then a shutter to allow that light through for a certain amount of time.
Nowadays a lens is made up of a group of elements (several pieces of glass) but ofter on the original camera it would be a single element (one piece of glass like in my glasses !) If the lens were a one element lens and was placed in the camera, say, 50mm from the film plane then it is deemed to be a 50mm lens. Its really how far the lens is from the film plane. The nearer it is, eg 28mm, the wider the scene (wide angle lens) the further away, eg 200mm, then it makes the object being photographed appear nearer the camera.
Hope this will go a little way towards explaining even if it is a bit simplistic.
I have some good notes on this from my teaching days, if you want to give me a bell I’ll give you a copy.
Well Gerry – you’ve made me a tonne wiser! :o
Why can’t all explanations be as simple as yours!
Thanks a mill – and I wouldn’t mind seeing those notes sometime please!